Now and again a place turns up in the news and out comes the World Atlas to discover exactly where this place is: (On page 92 of my atlas) I found Baikonur, where today Tim Peake blasted off to the International Space Station on board a Soyuz rocket. 
The Baikonur Cosmodrome is located in Kazakhstan, approximately 2,100 k (1,300 miles) southeast of Moscow, Russia.

Astronaut 'Major Tim' will spend 6 months on the Space Station.

What's the difference between an astronaut and a cosmonaut ? Nothing !
The distinction is that they are titles awarded by different space agencies. They both mean essentially the same thing. Cosmonaut is used by the Russian Space Agency. Astronaut is used by NASA, ESA, CSA, and JAXA.
  
"Note to Jules Verne"
The International Space Station, travelling at roughly 17,150 mph, goes around the world in 90 minutes.